0000001226 00000 n When vessel was taking fuel oil at Sydney Port, due to negligence of appellant`s servant large quantity of oil was spread on water. 5 There was, of course, the binding decision by the Court of Appeal in Re Polemis & Furniss. The Wagon Mound Case,1961 Overseas Tankship Co(U.K.) v. Morts Dock and engineering. 0000006931 00000 n Furness hired stevedores to help unload the ship, and one of them knocked down a plank which created a spark, ignited the gas, and burnt the entire ship down. It will be shown below5 that although by the time of its " overruling" in The Wagon Mound (No. 0000001802 00000 n The" Wagon Mound" unberthed and set sail very shortly after. The crew had carelessly allowed furnace oil … Notably, this authority would go on to be replaced in the case of Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd (The Wagon Mound) (No. The Privy Council held that a party can be held liable only for loss that was reasonably foreseeable. VAT Registration No: 842417633. We also have a number of sample law papers, each written to a specific grade, to illustrate the work delivered by our academic services. See also James, Polemis: The Scotch’d Snake C19621 J.B.L. 0000001354 00000 n This was to be settled by an arbitrator, but Furness claimed that the damages were too remote and this issue was appealed. 1) [1961]. 16-2 Contributory Negligence i) Davies V. Mann ii) Butterfield V. Forrester iii) British India Electric Co. V. Loach Re Polemis was a COA decision and in principle binding upon the lower court; the Privy Council decision had only persuasive authority. Re Polemis and Furness, Withy & Co [1921] 3 KB 560 Facts: ... using The Wagon Mound test & approach in Hughes v Lord Advocate [1963]: not necessary to distinguish between different physical injuries, because precise nature of injury does not need to be foreseeable; Egg-shell skull rule. 0000005064 00000 n Spread led to MD Limited’s wharf, where welding was in progress. dicta expressing, not only agreement with the Wagon Mound principle, but also the opinion that Canadian courts are free to adopt it in preference to the Polemis rule.6 The object of this article is to examine the validity of these dicta. Company Registration No: 4964706. versal application. i) Scott V. Shepherd ii) Re Polemis and Furnace Ltd. iii) Wagon Mound case iv) Hughes V. Lord Advocate v) Haynes V. Harwood Ch. The extent of liability where the injuries resultant from tortious negligence are entirely unforeseeable. The defendant's vessel, The Wagon Mound, leaked furnace oil at a Wharf in Sydney Harbour. In 1961, in Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd-, v. Morts. The Wagon Mound and Re Polemis Until rg61 the unjust and much criticized rule in Re Polemisl was held, by the courts, to be the law in both England and Australia. Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd or "Wagon Mound (No 1)" [1961] UKPC 1 is a landmark tort law case, which imposed a remoteness rule for causation in negligence.The Privy Council held that a party can only be held liable for damage that was reasonably foreseeable. 0000008953 00000 n The spark was ignited by petrol vapours resulting in the destruction of the ship. 0000008055 00000 n Case Summary Dock and Engineering Co. (usually called the Wagon Mound Case1) the Privy Council rejected the rule pronounced in In re Polemis and Furness, Withy & Co.2 and re-established the rule of reasonable … Lamb v Camden [1981] 2 All ER 408; McKew v Holland & Hannen & Cubitts (Scotland) Ltd. [1969] 3 All ER 1621; Overseas Tankship v Morts Dock (The Wagon Mound (No 1)) [1961] AC 388; Page v Smith [1996] 1 AC 155; Parsons v Uttley Ingham & Co Ltd. [1978] QB 791; Re Polemis and Furness, Withy & Co [1921] 3 KB 560; Robinson v Post Office [1974] 1 WLR 1176 ... Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd (The Wagon Mound) (No. Disclaimer: This work was produced by one of our expert legal writers, as a learning aid to help law students with their studies. 560 (1921) WHAT HAPPENED? co Facts of the case Overseas Tankship had a ship, the Wagon Mound, docked in Sydney Harbour in October 1951. 0000000016 00000 n This is no more than the old Polemis principle [1921] 3 K.B. xref 0000007122 00000 n Can a defendant be held liable for outcome of events entirely caused by their (or their agents’) actions, but which could not have been foreseen by either the party in question or any other reasonable party. 0000002997 00000 n %PDF-1.6 %���� Re Polemis has yet to be overruled by an English court and is still technically "good law". 0000004069 00000 n It is submitted that the Wagon Mound No.1 ruling effectively curtailed the practical range of liability that had previously been established in Re Polemis and that Wagon Mound essentially overruled Re Polemis. of Re Potemis that eventually led to its removal from the law was based on historical misconceptions. Polemis and Boyazides are ship owners who chartered a ship to Furness. In re Polemis 3 K.B. Due to the carelessness of the workers, oil overflowed and sat on the water’s surface. A claimant must prove that the damage was not only caused by the defendant but that it was not too remote. The remoteness of damage rule limits a defendant's liability to what can be reasonably justified, ensures a claimant does not profit from an event and aids insurers to assess future liabilities. Wagon Mound Case A vessel was chartered by appellant. to the Court of Appeal to refuse to follow Re Polemis on one or more of the grounds laid down in Young v. Bristol Aero. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! But, on 18 January 1961, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council handed down its judgment in Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd v. 123 0 obj <> endobj Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock & Engineering Co Ltd (Wagon Mound) In Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock (Wagon Mound), the Privy Council held that a defendant should only be liable for damage which was reasonably foreseeable.In doing so, they held that In Re Polemis should no longer be regarded as good law. 4 [I9621 2 Q.B. 0000005984 00000 n At first instance (arbitration), it was held that the reasonable unforeseeability of the outcome meant that the defendant was not liable for the cost of the ship. Registered office: Venture House, Cross Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5 7PJ. 413-414. Charterers of Wagon Mound carelessly spilt fuel oil onto water when fuelling in harbour. Reference this Re Polemis was a 1921 decision of the English Court of Appeal. %%EOF Held: Re Polemis can no longer be regarded as good law. 0000009883 00000 n Q'��S)휬M���/��urY9eU�Ƭ�o$6�]\��NfW��7��4s�T 16-1 Negligence i) Donoghue V. Stevenson ii) Bolton V. Stone iii) Roe V. Minister of Health Ch. Re polemis Kalam Zahrah. x�b```"9����cb�~w�G�#��g4�����V4��� ��L����PV�� trailer Re Polemis & Furness Withy & Company Ltd. [1921] 3 KB 560 Some Stevedores carelessly dropped a plank of wood into the hold of a ship. 0000000716 00000 n 143 0 obj<>stream H��UMo�8��W�V��Y��h��n� ��X(�����][B���%R��:�E�H�p����H *��4a��-�Lq \4����r��E�������)R�d�%g����[�i�I��qE���H�%��_D�lC�S�D�K4�,3$[%�����8���&'�w�gA{. re Polemis – any damage foreseen Wagon Mound 1 – type of harm Hughes v L Advocate – method unseen but PI Jolley v Sutton – method unseen but type foreseen Tremain v … Contributory negligence on the part of the dock owners was also relevant in the decision, and was essential to the outcome, although not central to this case's legal significance. Overseas Tankship Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd, commonly known as Wagon Mound, is a landmark tort law case, which imposed a remoteness rule for causation in negligence. The defendants are the owners of the vessel Wagon Mound, which was moored 600 feet from a wharf. After consultation with charterers of Wagon Mound, MD Limited’s manager allowed The plank struck something as it was falling which caused a spark. 0000005153 00000 n 123 21 CO.,‘ and it is possible that lower courts will feel free to do the same.5 THE WAGON MOUND The Wagon Mound (as the decision will be called for short) View In re Polemis and Overseas Tankship v. Morts Dock .docx from LAW 402A at University Of Arizona. Re Polemis and Furness, Withy & Co Ltd [1921] 3 KB 560. 405; the arguments of both sides are summarised by Lord Parker at pp. 1), Re Polemis had indeed become a " bad " case laying down an inappropriate rule, these misconceptions about why the rule Looking for a flexible role? WAGON MOUND II- RE POLEMIS REVIVED; NUISANCE REVISED H. J. Glasbeek* Ordinarily the term spectacular is an uncalled-for de- scription of a judicial decision, but the opinion rendered by the Privy Council in Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd. v. The Miller Steamship Co. Pty and Another' certainly deserves this epithet. The Wagon Mound is the accepted test in Malaysia, approved in the case of Government of Malaysia v … This development clearly favoured defendants by placing a foreseeability limitation on the extent of their potential liability. Consequently, the court uses the reasonable foresight test in The Wagon Mound, as the Privy Council ruled that Re Polemis should not be considered good law. Overseas Tankship chartered the ‘Wagon Mound’ vessel, which was to be used to transport oil. This was rejected expressly in the case by the court of appeal in Re Polemis and Furness, Withy and Co. Ltd. in favor of the test of directness. The initial injury (the burn) was a readily foreseeable type and the subsequent cancer was treated as merely extending the amount of harm suffered. Sparks from the welders ignited the oil, destroying the Wagon Mound and the two ships being repaired. Hewitt and Greenland v. Chaplin. As a matter of fact, it was found that it was not reasonable to expect anyone to know that oil i… 2) [1967] Thoburn v Sunderland City Council [2002] Thomas v Clydesdale Bank [2010] Thomas v National Union of Miners [1986] Thomas v Sawkins [1935] Thomas v Sorrell (1673) Owners of … 21st Jun 2019 146, 148. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of LawTeacher.net. startxref The Wagon Mound … Re Polemis should no longer be regarded as good law. <]>> Any information contained in this case summary does not constitute legal advice and should be treated as educational content only. Due to the defendant’s negligence, furnace oil was discharged into the bay causing minor injury to the plaintiff’s ships. It is inevitable that first consideration should be given to the case of In re Polemis & Furness Withy & Company Ltd. [1921] 3 K.B. The fact that the extent of these consequences was neither subjectively appreciated nor objectively foreseeable was deemed irrelevant to such a determination. Free resources to assist you with your legal studies! Cancel Unsubscribe. Working ... Donoghue v Stevenson : 5 law cases you should know (1/5) - Duration: 2:25. 1 Re Polemis Question 13 Why did the plaintiffs in Wagon Mound No 1 concede from LAWS 6023 at The Chinese University of Hong Kong … endstream endobj 124 0 obj<> endobj 125 0 obj<>/Encoding<>>>>> endobj 126 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]>>/Type/Page>> endobj 127 0 obj<> endobj 128 0 obj<> endobj 129 0 obj<> endobj 130 0 obj<>stream Wagon Mound (No. *You can also browse our support articles here >. 0000003089 00000 n ��ζ��9E���Y�tnm/``4 `HK`` c`H``c rTCX�V�10�100����8 4�����ǂE"4����fa��5���Lϙ�8ؘ}������3p1���0��c�؁�ـ$P�(��AH�8���S���e���43�t�*�~fP$ y`q�^n � ��@$� � P���� �>� �hW��T�; ��S� 1) [1961] AC 388, however it has never been officially overturned in English law and theoretically remains ‘good case law’, despite its lack of application. Held: Wagon Mound made no difference to a case such as this. The fire spread rapidly causing destruction of some boats and the wharf. Loading... Unsubscribe from Kalam Zahrah? Employees of the defendant had been loading cargo into the underhold of a ship when they negligently dropped a large plank of wood. Copyright © 2003 - 2020 - LawTeacher is a trading name of All Answers Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales. This oil drifted across the dock, eventually surrounding two other ships being repaired. Some cotton debris became embroiled in the oil and sparks from some welding works ignited the oil. 0000007028 00000 n The Privy Council’s judgment effectively removed the application of strict liability from tort law that was established in Re Polemis (1921) below. Take a look at some weird laws from around the world! 0000001893 00000 n Registered Data Controller No: Z1821391. 4. As it fell, the wood knocked against something else, which created a spark which served to ignite the surrounding petrol fumes, ultimately resulting in the substantial destruction of the ship. In-house law team. Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock & Engineering Co Ltd (The Wagon Mound (No 1)) AC 388 D’s vessel leaked oil that caused fire. Wagon Mound) C19611 A.C. 388; for convenience of reference, The Wagon Mound. 0000001985 00000 n 0000001712 00000 n Though the first authority for the view if advocating the directness test is the case of Smith v. 560 which will henceforward be referred to as "Polemis ". 1) [1961] AC 388, however it has never been officially overturned in English law and theoretically remains ‘good case law’, despite its lack of application. Re Polemis Case. 560, except that “kind of damage” has now to be understood in the light of the interpretation in The Wagon Mound (No. 0000001144 00000 n The Re Polemis decision was disapproved of, and its test replaced, in the later decision of the Privy Council in the Wagon Mound (No. The plaintiffs are owners of ships docked at the wharf. 0 Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? 11. The Privy Council dismissed as an error the principle that foreseeability ‘goes … In Re Polemis case court rejected tests of reasonable foresight and applied tests of directness. The Court of Appeal adopted a strict liability approach to causation and assessing liability here and subsequently held that the defendant was liable for all of the consequences that had resulted from their negligent actions. Privy Council disapproved of Re Polemis. The Wagon Mound (No. Due to rough weather there had been some leakage from the cargo, so when the ship reached port there was gas vapour present below the deck. The ship was being loaded at a port in Australia. 1) (1961) was the Australian tort appeal case from the New South Wales Supreme Court that went all the way to the Privy Council in London. ) ( no discharged into the underhold of a ship when they negligently dropped a large plank of wood services. 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